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  Manage a Condition | HeartCare - Heart Failure | Know Your Risk Factors

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  Don’t dwell on risk factors you can’t change. Instead, focus on the things you can change.

  Things you can change:

  1. What you eat
     Cut calories, trim fat, reduce sodium
     • Switch to reduced-calorie versions of foods such as spreads or salad dressings
     • Avoid fried foods. Bake, steam or broil.
     • Drink fat-free or 1% milk instead of whole or 2% milk
     • Don’t add salt to your food. “PUT AWAY THE SALT SHAKER.” Avoid high-salt foods such as smoked or packaged meats, canned foods, and packaged snacks like chips or popcorn.
     • Increase fiber in your diet
     • Have several servings of vegetables and fruit each day
     Make changes slowly. Sometimes cravings can’t be ignored. One slip isn’t a problem unless you let it disrupt your whole plan.

     
     

  2. How active you are
     Always talk to your doctor before you start an exercise program.
     Important things to know...
     Are there activities that I should avoid?
     How much exercise should I start with?
     Should I check my pulse rate?
     Should I be lifting weights?
     

     Exercise is good for you...
     It can help you...

     • Improve your cholesterol levels
     • Lower your blood pressure
     • Control diabetes
     • Improve heart and lung function
     • Maintain a healthy weight
     • Manage stress

     How often should I exercise?
     You should try to exercise every day.

     If permitted by your doctor, your routine should include:
     

     Warm-up	Start with a 12-15 minute warm-up that includes stretching as well as your chosen exercise.	Warm-up helps prepare your heart and muscles for exercise.
     Increasing your heart rate	Moderate-intensity exercise does the most good for your heart.	Exercise briskly to improve your heart health.
     Cool down and stretch	Cooling down lowers your heart rate and blood pressure. Do your chosen exercise at a slow pace for 5-7 minutes.	Stretch to lengthen and relax your muscles after exercise.

     Walking Works!

     Try this walking program:*
     * First talk to your doctor and ask if a walking program is right for you.
     

     Week	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
     Walking Minutes	10	10	15	15	20	20	25	25	30	30
     Walks per week	3-4	3-4	3-4	4-5	4-5	4-5	5-6	5-6	6-7	6-7

     Follow this program for the first 10 weeks if permitted by your doctor or another routine as directed by your doctor.

     
     

  3. How much you weigh
     How much is too much?
     Weight is more than stepping on the scale. Body-mass index (BMI) is better way to find out whether you are at a healthy weight. The higher your BMI, the greater the risk of health problems.

     Calculate your BMI

     Results:
     BMI below 20: underweight
     BMI 20-25: Healthy Weight
     BMI 26-30: Overweight
     BMI over 30: Obese
     

     Making lifestyle changes instead of trying a fad diet is the best way to lose weight and keep it off. The concept of going “on a diet” and “off a diet” usually leads back to your old eating patterns. Instead of dieting, think of making positive lifestyle changes. This will help you keep the weight off for good.

     
     

  4. How much you smoke.

     
     

  5. Your stress level

     Tips for reducing stress

     • Get enough sleep
     • Exercise as directed by your doctor
     • Let the little things go. You can't control the traffic, weather or the moods of others.
     • Talk to your doctor about a stress management workshop or support group.

     Things you can't change

     1. Gender
     2. Age
     3. Family history
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  In This Section

  • DiabetiCare - Diabetes
  • HeartCare - Heart Failure
  • Heart Failure Management
  • Framingham Heart Study
  • Cholesterol Resources
  • Healthy Heart Quick Tips
  • Know Your Risk Factors
  • High Blood Pressure
  • BREATHE - Asthma
  • BREATHE - COPD
  • Depression
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