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The Guideline Source for the following male and female preventive cancer
screening is the American Cancer Society (ACS).
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Colorectal Cancer Screening:
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Beginning at age 50, men and women who are at average risk for developing
colorectal cancer should follow 1 of the 5 testing schedules:
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Yearly take-home fecal occult blood test
(FOBT) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT) given to you by your physician (it is
very important to return these cards to your physician after testing), OR |
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Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, OR |
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Yearly stool blood test (FOBT or FIT), plus
flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years*, OR |
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Colonoscopy every 10 years, OR |
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Double-Contrast Barium Enema (DCBE) every 5 years |
| Discuss testing with your doctor |
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*The combination of yearly FOBT or FIT plus flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5
years is preferred over either of these options alone.
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People should begin colorectal cancer screening earlier and/or undergo
screening more often if they have any of the following colorectal cancer risk
factors:
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A personal history of colorectal cancer or
adenomatous polyps |
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A strong family history of colorectal cancer or
polyps (cancer or polyps in a first-degree relative younger than 60 or in two
first-degree relatives of any age Note: a first degree relative is defined as a
parent, sibling or child) |
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A personal history of chronic inflammatory bowel
disease |
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A family history of a hereditary colorectal cancer
syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary non-polyposis colon
cancer) |
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Testicular Screening:
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Testicular cancer can develop in one or both
testicles in boys and men. |
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If a man has had a close family member who had
testicular cancer, he is at greater risk for developing it.
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A testicular examination should begin at puberty
as part of a routine physical exam and be a part of a routine checkup. |
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Prostate Screening:
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Annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood
testing with digital rectal exam (DRE) should begin at age 50 |
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Men at high risk with family history of prostate
cancer in first degree relatives (father, brothers,) and African Americans: |
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Should begin testing at age 45 |
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Men at even higher risk, due to multiple
first-degree relatives affected at an early age: |
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Could begin testing at age 40 (depending on the
results of this initial test, no further testing might be needed until age 45) |
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Breast Cancer Screening:
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Mammography
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Age 40-49 performed every 1-2 years |
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Age 50+ performed annually |
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Physician Breast Exam
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Between the ages of 20-39, women should have a clinical breast
exam every 3 years |
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After age 40, women should have a clinical breast exam annually |
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Self Breast Exam
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Monthly over the age of 20 |
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Talk to your physician about breast self-examination. Know how to check your
breasts for lumps or changes. Be aware of how your breasts normally feel and
report any changes to your physician immediately.
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Cervical Cancer Screening:
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Pap Smear
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Annual pap smear screening should begin approximately 3 years
after initiation of sexual intercourse or by age 21, whichever comes first |
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After first screening, annual pap smear screening for women up to
age 30 |
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Women of any age who are immunocompromised, are infected with HIV,
or were exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol(DES) should be screened annually |
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After age 30, women should discuss the screening options with
their physician |
